Cone-Rod Dystrophy

Cone-rod dystrophy is an inherited condition in which the cone cells of the retina are affected first, followed by the rod cells, leading to progressive loss of vision.

Common symptoms

Gradual loss of central vision and colour perception, sensitivity to bright light, and later difficulty seeing in dim light and loss of side vision.

Description

Cone-rod dystrophy is one of a group of inherited retinal conditions. Unlike retinitis pigmentosa, where rods are affected first, in cone-rod dystrophy the cone cells responsible for central detail and colour vision are the first to break down.

The condition often starts in childhood or early adulthood with reading difficulties, reduced colour vision, and glare sensitivity. Over time, the rod cells also become involved, adding night vision problems and loss of side vision. The speed of progression varies between families and individual genes.

There is currently no cure, but low vision aids, good lighting, tinted lenses for glare, and assistive technology can make a significant difference. Genetic testing can confirm the cause and help with access to research studies, patient registries, and emerging therapies.