Microphthalmia

Microphthalmia is a condition in which one or both eyes do not develop to their full size before birth, often causing reduced vision or blindness in the affected eye.

Common symptoms

A noticeably small eye, reduced or absent vision on the affected side, and sometimes associated conditions such as coloboma or cataract.

Description

Microphthalmia develops during pregnancy when the growing eye does not reach its usual size. It can be isolated or linked to genetic changes, chromosomal conditions, or exposures during pregnancy. The amount of sight depends on how small the eye is and which internal structures are affected.

Babies and young children with microphthalmia are often fitted with prosthetic shells or expanders to encourage normal development of the eye socket and face. Associated conditions, such as cataract, glaucoma, or retinal changes, may need their own treatment.

There is no way to restore the missing structures, but low vision aids, habilitation support, and educational input can help children make the most of their useful vision. Regular specialist follow-up is important throughout childhood and beyond.