Optic Atrophy

Optic atrophy is damage to the optic nerve that results in loss of vision, with a characteristic pale appearance when the back of the eye is examined.

Common symptoms

Reduced or blurred vision, loss of detail and colour, dimming of bright colours, and loss of parts of the visual field, depending on the underlying cause.

Description

Optic atrophy is not a single disease but a sign that the optic nerve has been damaged. The nerve fibres that carry signals from the eye to the brain break down, leading to permanent changes in vision.

Causes include previous optic neuritis, glaucoma, poor blood supply to the nerve, pressure from tumours, inherited conditions such as dominant optic atrophy or Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some toxins or nutritional deficiencies. Careful investigation is needed to find the underlying reason.

Once nerve fibres are lost, they cannot be replaced, so treatment focuses on the underlying cause and on supporting remaining vision. Low vision aids, lighting, contrast, and assistive technology all have important roles, alongside regular follow-up to monitor both eyes.