Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the retina that almost always affects children under the age of five and can threaten both sight and life if not treated promptly.

Common symptoms

A white reflection in the pupil, especially in photographs, a squint, a red or sore eye, or changes in the colour of the iris, often noticed by parents or at routine checks.

Description

Retinoblastoma develops when cells in the retina grow uncontrollably and form a tumour. It can affect one or both eyes and may be inherited, with a genetic change passed down in families, or happen sporadically with no family history.

Early detection is vital. The most common first sign is a white pupil reflection, sometimes seen in flash photographs. A squint that develops in a young child is another important warning sign. In the UK, suspected retinoblastoma is managed by specialist centres.

Treatment depends on how advanced the tumour is and may include chemotherapy, focal laser or freezing treatment, radiotherapy, or surgery to remove the eye. The priority is always to save the child's life, followed by saving the eye and preserving as much vision as possible, with lifelong follow-up care.